is the main activity of the determine called cytogenetics.
deoxyribonucleic acid stains illicit a reproducible banding warning on chromosomes
Quinacrine and Giemsa: DNA dye- chromosome specific pattern
Has allowed to for mapping of regions in a chromosome
p and q arms and different regions
Quinacrine, a chemic relative of the antimalarial drug quinine, was wizard of the first of these more discriminating reagents. Chromosomes that ca-ca been stained with quinacrine show a characteristic pattern of bright bands on a darker
background. However, because quinacrine is a fluorescent compound, the bands appear only when the chromosomes are loose to ultraviolet (UV) light. Ultraviolet irradiation causes some of the quinacrine molecules that have inserted into the chromosome to emit energy.
Excellent nonfluorescent staining techniques have also been developed. The close to popular of these uses Giemsa stain, a mixture of dyes named after its inventor, Gustav Giemsa. Like quinacrine, Giemsa creates a reproducible pattern of bands on each chromosome.
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^^^^^Chromosome painting. Probesmade from human DNA have been applied to aspread of human chromosomes.
Each probe hasbeen designate with a dye that fluoresces a differentcolor ( pink or bright green) to chance on where Fragments are a specific complementary color sequence รข€¦.. pink is the centromere, green is the sequence specific to three chromosomes
DNA sequences complementary to these probesare located in the chromosomes. The pink probetargets DNA in the centromere of every chromosome,whereas the bright green probe targets DNA in only three pairs of chromosomes.
Treat mitotic spreads with DNA fragments labelled with flurochromes-Any of a group of fluorescent dyes used to stain biological specimens.
Chromosome Variation
A karyotype shows the duplicated chromosomes of a cell arranged for cytogenetic analysis (46 xx
Euploid- one set of chromosomes
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